撰文 | Frank Wilczek重庆时时彩电子游戏
翻译 | 胡风、梁丁当
汉文版
皇冠体育竞猜在量子物理中，只消对粒子的动量信息保持无知，才有可能获取它的位置信息。
欧博会员在乔治·奥威尔（George Orwell）的演义《1984》中，有一句失实的口号“无知即力量”。这句口号是乔治 · 奥威尔笔下腐败豪恣的政权的深入缩影。淌若把它玄妙地颐养一下，改成“无知或为力量”，那这句新的口号就成了如今科技前沿的纯真写真。淌若咱们能灵巧地诈欺无知，它不错成为一种超智商，使咱们的感官更机敏（通过测量仪器），念念维更豁达（通过狡计机）。
菠菜平台开发这条口号看似格格不入，其根源却在于量子现实的骨子，它从根柢上对咱们所了解的自便物体的特色施加了截至。淌若咱们掌持所联系于物体现象的表面学问，那么咱们就能够准确地瞻望，在测量物体的位置与领悟速率时，它出当今某个方位以及具有某个速率的概率。然则，字据量子表面，位置的暗昧度与动量的暗昧度的乘积必须大于一个极限值。这便是海森堡不细目性旨趣。
当今，假定咱们要精准地测量某个物体的位置，以探伤引力波引起的微弱的时空诬告。为了最大限度地减少位置测量的弊端，同期不违背海森堡旨趣，咱们需要尽可能地增多动量的暗昧度。这种测量艺术被称为“量子压缩”，它是现时热点的前沿商议领域。
亚洲博彩平台要想制造出性能优厚的量子狡计机，最主要的贫寒在于怎样让它恒久保持对我方的现象一无所知。经典狡计机在运行经由中会经过一系列的“位置”，每个位置由一串0和1构成的字符所编码,其中的0和1代表晶体管的两种现象。与之相对的是，量子狡计机的狡计单位就像量子粒子相同，它不错同期处在扫数这些位置上。
www.crowncasinoonlinezonehub.com要想确保量子狡计机能够可靠地运行重庆时时彩电子游戏，这种位置的暗昧性是必要的。因为只消这么，狡计机能力在动量暗昧度较小的情况下准确地扩充下一步看成。淌若狡计机不测泄露了位置散布的信息，就会裁汰位置的暗昧度。字据不细目性旨趣，这势必会导致动量暗昧度升高，从而破损看成扩充的可靠性。
在我刚启动念念考怎样诈欺量子寰宇的不细目性——某种进程上，也不错被称为“无知”——的技能，我仍是觉得这是量子寰宇特地的奇特风光。但我逐步确认到这是一个更为等闲的见识，它了了地揭示了咱们与周围寰宇调换的许多神志其实并不肤浅。
比如，让咱们想一想咱们往往是怎样鉴别出某个东说念主的。当光子投射到视网膜上，尔后经大脑措置产生的图像会受到诸多成分的影响，比如这个东说念主的位置、朝向、她是否被其它物体防碍、她的穿戴等等。尽管如斯，咱们仍然能够判断出“这是贝茜”。显豁，在这个经由中咱们经受性地忽略了好多细节，而这么作念是成心的。
还有一个问题也浮现着无知的价值 ：为什么不是扫数东说念主齐有完好的音准呢？在咱们的内耳中，有一双小小的“反向钢琴”。它们通过拨动特定的键（现实上是特定的毛发）来对特定的调子产生反映。通过这种神志，耳朵不错集会到扫数的信息，但只消少许一部分东说念主能够彻底诈欺它们。关于咱们这些莫得完好音准的东说念主来说，冒失大脑在运作时，不测志地“经受”了无知——残酷那些调子的信息，好让咱们专注于愈加有效的信息上。
在圣经故事中，亚当和夏娃因为吃了“差别善恶树”上的果实而受到刑事职守。岂论你怎样看待这个故事，它齐纯真地指示咱们 ：无知是一项值得寄望的经受。
英文版
The Scientific Value of Ignorance
In quantum physics, maximizing knowledge of a particle’s location requires fuzziness about its momentum, and vice versa.
In George Orwell’s novel “1984重庆时时彩电子游戏,” “Ignorance is Strength” is a shocking slogan that epitomizes a corrupt and sinister regime. But in a more nuanced form, “Ignorance can be Strength,” it is an apt slogan for some cutting-edge science. Used wisely, ignorance can be a superpower that makes our senses more acute and our minds more capacious(through measuring devices and computers, respectively).
This seeming paradox is rooted in the nature of quantum reality, which imposes a fundamental limitation on our knowledge of the properties of any object. Given perfect theoretical knowledge of an object’s state, we can predict probabilities for where it will be found and how fast it will be seen to move, if we measure those things. But according to quantum theory, when we multiply the fuzziness in predicted position by the fuzziness in predicted momentum, the product cannot get below a definite limit. That is Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.
Now suppose that we’d like to measure the position of a test body very precisely, so that we can detect the tiny distortions of space caused by gravitational waves. To minimize the fuzziness in its position, while remaining in Heisenberg’s good graces, we need to crank up the fuzziness in its momentum. The art of doing this is called “squeezing,” and it is a hot frontier of research.
虽然博彩游戏是一种娱乐方式，但是如果不能控制好自己，很容易导致赌瘾，这对于职业运动员来说是一种很大的隐患。The main difficulty in making good quantum computers is keeping nature ignorant about what they’re doing. A classical computer runs through a sequence of definite “positions,” each consisting of a series of 0s and 1s that represent the states of its transistors. A quantum computer, like a quantum particle, allows all these positions to coexist.
Fuzziness in position is necessary so that the computer can move reliably, with small fuzziness in “momentum,” to execute the next step in its program. If the computer inadvertently betrays information about its distribution of positions, it will reduce that distribution’s fuzziness and necessarily inject fuzziness into the corresponding momentum, thus making the program’s execution unreliable.
网络博彩公司合法性菠菜网投平台大全When I first began to think about leveraging ignorance in the quantum world, I considered it to be one of that world’s weird special features. But I’ve come to see it as a much broader idea that illuminates many things about how we deal with the everyday world.
皇冠客服飞机：@seo3687Consider, for example, what it means to recognize someone. The underlying pattern of photons that arrives at our retina will be quite different depending on where that person is, how they’re oriented, whether they’re partially hidden behind other objects, what they’re wearing and many other factors. But in concluding “It’s Betsy,” we choose to ignore all that, and that’s obviously a useful thing to do.
皇冠hg86a
Why don’t we all have perfect pitch? Within our inner ears we have little inverse pianos that move specific keys(actually, specialized hairs)in response to specific tones. The information is there, but few of us can access it. Those of us who don’t have perfect pitch may have “chosen” ignorance—unconsciously, as our brains got wired up—in order to focus on more generally useful relationships.
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Adam and Eve were punished for eating from “the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.” However you take that story, it is a vivid reminder that ignorance is an option worth keeping in mind.
Frank Wilczek
弗兰克·维尔切克是麻省理工学院物理学培植、量子色能源学的奠基东说念主之一。因发现了量子色能源学的渐近摆脱风光，他在2004年赢得了诺贝尔物理学奖。
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